Image credit: Phys.org
Singularity is very mysteries because it known as
the creator of the baby universes as per the theories of it,
Let’s know how,
Singularity is a one dimensional point which
contains huge mass in infinitely small space, where density and and gravity
become infinite and space time curves infinitely and it is the point where the
laws of physics break down.
A gravitational singularity or space-time
singularity is the location in the spacetime where the gravitational field of
that celestial body is infinite according to the theory of relativity, if you
don’t know about the relativity then it is very complicated but simply relativity
means that gravity is the curvature in the fabric of spacetime and if a heavy
mass object is kept on it, then it will form a curve and that curvature will be
the gravity of that body. Similarly our sun distorts the space due to it earth
and other planets revolve around the sun.
Image credit: slideshare.net
Due to singularity’s infinite gravitational field
the laws of nomal spacetime gets break down. Singularities are mainly
considered in the context of general relativity where density becomes infinite at
the center of the black hole. It is considered as the earliest state of the
universe during the big bang within cosmology and astrophysics.
Physicist can’t predict that the singularities
actually exists or existed at the start of the big bang or we do not have much
knowledge to predict what happens at such a great densities.
Singularities were first predicted in the
Einstein's theory of general relativity, which resulted in the theoretical
existence of the black holes. According to it, any object reaching beyond a
certain point in it’s mass ( for stars it is Schwarzschild radius ) would exert
the gravitational pull so intensely that it would collapse.
At this point, nothing is capable of escaping it
including light. This is because of vacuum, because here gravitational pull
exceed the speed of light which is 299,792,458 meters per second or
1,079,252,848.8 km/h. this phenomena is known as Chandrasekhar limit. Named
after the Indian astrophysicist Subramanyam Chandrasekhar, who produced it in
1930. At present, accepted value of this limit is believed to 1.39 solar masses
( i.e 1.39 times the mass of our sun ) which means 2.765 × 10³º kg or 2,765
trillion trillion metric tons.
Image credit: Medium.com
One of the aspects of the modern general
relativity is that at the time of the big bang ( means in initial state of
universe ) was a singularity. To answer how gravitation can produce
singularities, Roger Penrose and Stephen Hawking both developed theories and attempted to answer it, which eventually merged together and came to known as
Penrose-Hawking singularities theorems.
According to penrose singularity theorem, proposed
in 1965, a time like singularity will occur in black hole whenever reaches
certain energy conditions. At this point, the curvature of spacetime become
infinite in the black hole and turning it into a trapped surface where time
creases to function.
The hawking singularity theorem added to it that a
space time singularity can occur when matter is forcibly compressed at one
point due to gravity. Hawking traced this back into time of big bang and claimed
it as a infinite point of density. However , hawking later revised this to be
claimed that general relativity breaks down at the time prior to big bang and
hence no singularity is predicted by it means general relativity stops at the
singularity.
Image credit: Quora.com
Today we can see singularities only at black holes but we don’t know that what happens at the singularity or it is the way to
other universe but we assume that singularities are present in the black holes. Black holes pulls all the objects in it, due to it’s extreme gravity. This all
matter gathers at the singularity due to which it’s mass and density both increases
extremely. The atoms present in the singularity comes more near to each other
and nuclear density is increases and after the density increases extremely,
then boom! A bang will happen which we call as big bang. This explosion throws
all the matter and all the energy outwards, this is a big bang.
This would happen before singularity. So assuming
this, we came to know that, every black hole creates a new baby universe inside
it. It means all the matter in our universe would came from our parent black
hole. This cleared up our some of the doubts, but also created some of the
questions like if one black hole creates a new universe then other black holes
could do so, but if it creates a new universe then there could be multiverse. Does
any universe exist before singularity ?
Comment what you thought about it and that’s all
for today.
